Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) research focuses on understanding the role and function of a family of proteins that play a critical role in the regulation of various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and migration. TGF-β signaling is involved in a wide range of biological processes, such as development, immune response, and tissue repair. Research in this area aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying TGF-β signaling, identify the downstream targets of TGF-β, and understand how dysregulation of TGF-β signaling can contribute to various diseases, including cancer, fibrosis, and autoimmune disorders. Additionally, researchers are exploring the potential therapeutic applications of modulating TGF-β signaling in the treatment of these diseases.